duplication: If one cell has more copies of a gene than another, that cell may produce too much of a certain protein.

The first human oncogene (HRAS), a crucial finding in the field of cancer research, was discovered in the early 1980s, and since then, the number of novel pathogenic oncogenes identified has increased steadily. The discovery of specific small-molecule inhibitors that specifically target the different oncogenic proteins and a comprehensive mechanistic analysis of the ways in which oncogenes