refers to the number of perinatal deaths per 1,000 total births. It is usually reported annually. It is a major marker to assess the quality of health care delivery. Varying definitions, registration bias, and differences in the underlying risks of the populations may hamper comparisons between different rates.

PNMRs vary widely and may be below 10 for certain developed countries and more than 10 times higher in developing countries. The WHO has not published contemporary data.

Effects of neonatal nutrition on neonatal mortality

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