not comprehended in individual but community or social terms).

Based on his study of the newspaper column, Knapp divided those rumors into three types:
# Pipe dream rumors: reflect public desires and wished-for outcomes (e.g. Japan's oil reserves were low and thus World War II would soon end).
# Bogie or fear rumors reflect feared outcomes (e.g. An enemy surprise attack is imminent).
# Wedge-driving rumors intend to undermine group loyalty or interpersonal relations (e.g. American Catholics were seeking to avoid the draft;