is based on the use of fine-particle materials.

The ratio of bond area to particle size is a determining factor for properties such as strength and electrical conductivity. To yield the desired bond area, temperature and initial grain size are precisely controlled over the sintering process. At steady state, the particle radius and the vapor pressure are proportional to (p₀)^2/3 and to (p₀)^1/3, respectively.

The source of power for solid-state processes is the change in free or chemical

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