as or . The same name also appears with the first character transcribed as or and with the second character transcribed as lang=}}; it has also been anglicized as T'o-pa and as Toba. The name is also attested as Tufa (, Tufà or Tufa), whose Middle Chinese pronunciation has been reconstructed as *thuwk-pjot, *T'ak-bwat, or *T'ak-buat. The name is also sometimes clarified as the Tuoba Xianbei (??{{linktext}}, Tuòbá Xianbei).

Ethnicity and language