since its 2005 autonomy has introduced a form of sharia law for Muslims with the Acehnese Qanun (male or female), applying the cane to the clothed upper back of the offender. Since 2022, voluntary caning for Non-Muslim Indonesians are de-facto removed from Aceh provincial law.

African countries still using judicial caning include Botswana, Tanzania, Nigeria (mostly in northern states,