the "heterodimer" composed of one light chain, denoted L, and one heavy chain, denoted u. The heavy and light chains are held together both by disulfide bonds (depicted as red triangles) and by non-covalent interactions.

Figure 1B shows two uL units linked by a disulfide bond in the Cu2 domains; this (uL)2 structure is often referred to as the IgM "monomer", as it is analogous in some ways to the structure of immunoglobulin G (IgG).

On the basis of its sedimentation velocity and appearance

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