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for every 5 moles of oxygen.

With air/fuel torches, since air contains about 21% oxygen, a very large ratio of air to fuel must be used to obtain the maximum flame temperature with air. If the propane does not receive enough oxygen, some of the carbon from the propane is left unburned. An example of incomplete combustion that uses 1 mole of propane for every 4 moles of oxygen:

:C₃H₈ + 4 (O₂) -> 4 (H₂O) + 2 (CO₂) + 1 C

The extra carbon product will cause soot

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