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firmly bind the boot in place.
* Passing a strap over the free heel, augmented in 1904 with a cam lever substitute for the buckle over the heel, called the "Hoyer-Ellefsen toggle".

Skiers wishing to affix their heel to the ski, employed a "long-thong" strap. Further innovations included:

* Mathias Zdarsky's development of a ski binding that replaced the heel strap with a long metal plate under the sole of the boot, hinged at the front to allow the heel to rise, in the early 1900s.

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