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<p><a href="page.php?w=William_Gilbert_%28astronomer%29">William Gilbert</a> gave the first description of the <a href="page.php?w=Earth%27s_magnetic_field">Earth's magnetic field</a>, showing that the Earth itself is a great magnet, which explained why a compass needle points north. Deviations of the compass needle <a href="page.php?w=magnetic_declination">magnetic declination</a> were recorded on navigation charts, and a detailed study of the declination near London by watchmaker <a href="page.php?w=George_Graham_%28clockmaker%29">George Graham</a></p><p>
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