typically only be done in cooperative children when they at least 5 years old or adults without physical or mental impairment preventing effective diagnostic results. In addition, general anesthesia and various forms of sedation are not compatible with the testing process.

Another limitation is that persons with intermittent or mild asthma can present normal spirometry values between acute exacerbation, reducing spirometry's effectiveness as a diagnostic tool in these circumstances.

Supplemental diagnostics

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