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<p>into <a href="page.php?w=van_der_Waals_force">van der Waals</a> (first term of summation) and <a href="page.php?w=electrostatics">electrostatic</a> (second term of summation) energies.</p>

<p>The form of the van der Waals energy is calculated using the equilibrium distance () and well depth (). The factor of  ensures that the equilibrium distance is . The energy is sometimes reformulated in terms of , where , as used e.g. in the implementation of the softcore potentials.</p>

<p>The form of the electrostatic energy used here assumes that the</p><p>
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