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proposal that tribunals of justice should be established with the consequence that all individual Nazi leaders would now be tried as criminals, and all Nazi institutions, agencies, and associations would be declared "criminal organizations," with proved membership being grounds for judicial penalties. Since, in practice, by May 1945, such Nazi bodies were the only functioning institutions of German civil administration, the effect was to designate the entire civil apparatus of state power in Germany and all employment within it as "criminal"

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