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up the data transfer until packets start to drop, and then slows down the transmission rate. Ideally, it keeps speeding up and slowing down as it finds equilibrium at the speed of the link. For this to work, the packet drops must occur in a timely manner so that the algorithm can responsively select a suitable transfer speed. With packets held in an overly-large buffer, the packets will arrive at their destination but with a higher latency but no packets are dropped so TCP does not slow down. Under these

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