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treatment of the vacuum, treating it as a material medium. For Maxwell, the effect of was simply to change the relative permittivity in the relation .

The modern justification of displacement current is explained below.

Isotropic dielectric case

In the case of a very simple dielectric material the constitutive relation holds:

where the permittivity $\backslash varepsilon\; =\; \backslash varepsilon\_0\; \backslash ,\; \backslash varepsilon\_\backslash mathrm\{r/math>\}\}\; is\; the\; product\; of:$
* , the permittivity of free space, or the electric constant; and
* , the ''relative'' permittivity of the dielectric.

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