of computing was being done in English, which was also beginning to become the new lingua franca of science.

In recent years, some scholars have begun to more critically study the dominance of the English language in computing. For instance, the historian Thomas Mullaney studies how Chinese computing responded to the problem of the QWERTY keyboard, which by nature of its limited key selection was not initially very accessible for Chinese computer users due to the difference between the English and Chinese languages. In his book The Chinese