essence, which causes injustice and inequality between those who use the dominant language and those who do not.
# As having a subtractive influence on other languages, in that learning the dominant language is at the expense of others.
# As being contested and resisted, because of these factors.

Although it is not easy to determine the intentions of specific policies which have led to linguicism, some scholars believe that intent can be proven by observing whether imperialist practices are