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Manuel Bento Ribeiro, Paulo Teixeira Jorge, Adriano Sebastião Kiwima and Amílcar Cabral. Ilídio Machado, a key member of the PCA and the African National League, was elected the first president of the MPLA, remaining in office until his arrest in 1959. Anticipating the siege by the Portuguese political police, Ilídio Machado ordered the withdrawal of part of the MPLA leadership from Luanda by September 1957, entrusting Mário de Andrade and Viriato

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