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energy than the CNO cycle. Main-sequence stars where the CNO cycle is the dominant energy production process undergo convection in their core regions, which acts to stir up the newly created helium and maintain the proportion of fuel needed for fusion to occur. Below this mass, stars have cores that are entirely radiative with convective zones near the surface. With decreasing stellar mass, the proportion of the star forming a convective envelope steadily increases. The main-sequence stars below undergo convection throughout their mass. When

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