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texts recorded an ancient people residing in the Japanese archipelago (perhaps Kyushu), named something like *?Wâ or *?W?r ?. Carr (1992:9-10) surveys prevalent proposals for Wa's etymology ranging from feasible (transcribing Japanese first-person pronouns waga ?? "my; our" and ware ? "I; oneself; thou") to shameful (writing Japanese Wa as ? implying "dwarf"), and summarizes interpretations for *?Wâ "Japanese" into variations on two etymologies: "behaviorally 'submissive' or physically 'short'." The first "submissive;

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