of Jupiter, Mars, and Quirinus, as well as the Lares and Manes -- belong to the earliest religious traditions of Rome. Livy even explains that he will record the archaic ritual of devotio at length because "the memory of every human and religious custom has withered from a preference for everything novel and foreign." That the novensiles would appear in such a list at all, and before the indigetes, is surprising if they are "new."

Both the Lares and the Manes are "native" gods