paper bags, which could carry more than the previous envelope-style design.

In 1883, Charles Stilwell patented a machine that made square-bottom paper bags with pleated sides, making them easier to fold and store. This style of bag came to be known as the S.O.S., or "Self-Opening Sack".

In 1912, Walter Deubener, a grocer in Saint Paul, Minnesota, used cord to reinforce

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