and genetic alterations.

* Pesticides: Synthetic pesticides are a primary driver of pollinator decline, with neonicotinoids the most widespread and found to act as a major toxin and cause neurological and immune disorders in bees and other insect pollinator species, as well as insectivorous birds, thereby contributing to pollinator declines. Other pesticides shown to negatively impact insect and avian pollinator populations include chlorinated and nitro-group pesticides.
* Parasites and