of copper, equivalent to more than 8,000 years of global mine production.

Porphyry deposits represent an important resource of copper; however, they are also important sources of gold and molybdenum - with porphyry deposits being the dominant source of the latter. In general, porphyry deposits are characterized by low grades of ore mineralization, a porphyritic intrusive complex that is surrounded by a vein stockwork and hydrothermal breccias. Porphyry deposits are formed