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more of an art than a science inlarge part because dynamic similitude is especially difficult to attainfor a vessel that is partially submerged: a ship is affected by windforces in the air above it, by hydrodynamic forces within the waterunder it, and especially by wave motions at the interface between thewater and the air. The scaling requirements for each of thesephenomena differ, so models cannot replicate what happens to a fullsized vessel nearly so well as can be done for an aircraft orsubmarine--each of which operates entirely within one

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