present, whereas aggravating circumstances may allow pinching/ripping the criminal with glowing pincers, prior to quartering.

Wilhelm von Grumbach was a maverick knight in the Holy Roman Empire; he was fond of making his own private wars and was thus condemned for treason. Gout-ridden, in 1567, he was carried to the execution site in a chair and bound fast to a table. The executioner then ripped out his heart, and stuck it in von Grumbach's face with the words: "von Grumbach! Behold your false