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habit was a form of embodied consciousness.

In the early 20th century, Ivan Pavlov developed the theory of classical conditioning, demonstrating how repeated associations between stimuli could produce habitual responses.

In the mid-20th century, B. F. Skinner further developed behaviorist theory through operant conditioning, showing how reinforcement and punishment influence the formation of habitual behavior.

In recent decades, neuroscience research has identified brain regions such as the basal ganglia as central to

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