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This stratification is necessary for the formation of sea ice for example in high-latitude oceans the halocline prevents warm saline Atlantic waters from mixing with the cold surface layer allowing for ice growth. The Arctic halocline has a distinct low-salinity layer that limits deep convection and maintains the stability of the water column. Conversely, there are places (like the Baltic Sea) where the halocline depth and salinity are affected by river runoff. Here fresh water is introduced into the upper layers and mixed by wind which influences

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