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the Roman legions.

Development of the hauberk

The will of Eberhard of Friuli, an important figure of the Carolingian Empire, includes the term "helmum cum hasbergha", likely referring to a helmet with a neck protector. While "hasbergha" later came to mean a shirt of mail, in the 9th century it likely referred to a neck guard, as suggested by its etymology and historical finds like the Spangenhelm

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