time-dependent recoverable component - this causes the development of microcracks, which can lead to fracturing and, ultimately, a breakthrough;
# A time-dependent irrecoverable component - this is commonly referred to as creep, which is related with the mechanisms responsible for glacier flow (long term) and plays a negligible role in the response of an ice road to loading.

Thus, an ice cover may be able to safely support a vehicle, but if it remains