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quite flexible and older growth such as trunks and large branches that are stiffer. A liana often has stiff young growths and older, more flexible growth at the base of the stem. Because of these stresses, some lianas grow flat ribbon-like stems which are very flexible, including certain Bauhinia species, Entada species, some Tetrastigma species, as well as Serjania icthyoctonia and Thinonia scandens,

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