the PCM can be contained in a vessel, and heat flow to and from the PCM can be controlled by pumping a heat transfer fluid through a heat exchanger, generally immersed in the PCM within the vessel. In this case the system is a sub-category of "thermal battery" or "TES", thermal energy storage, which encompasses sensible heat storage as well.

Classification of phase-change materials

Phase-change materials (PCMs) used for thermal energy storage are commonly classified according to their

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