the yasak-payers ("??????? ????") with supplies of provisions such as fish oil.

When the Tsar failed to deliver due compensation or his presents were deemed insufficient or too cheap, the yasak-payers would voice their discontent. According to one 17th-century report, not only the yasak-gatherers were beaten, but the natives proceeded to: On several occasions, such conflicts prompted the natives to rise in rebellion against the Muscovite government.

Against this volatile background, the Tsar's

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