who had been heir presumptive since 1165. Notably absent from the council, David did not acknowledge Alexander as heir until 1205.

The Norham treaties (1209 and 1212)

Anglo-Scottish relations deteriorated sharply in the spring of 1209. Talks originally scheduled for Newcastle were instead held at Norham Castle on the English bank of the River Tweed, ending without agreement on 23 April. By late July, both William and John, King of England, mustered

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