in 1936. When Mussolini publicly announced the signing on 1 November, he proclaimed the creation of a Rome-Berlin axis.

Initial proposals of a German-Italian alliance

Italy under Duce Benito Mussolini had pursued a strategic alliance of Italy with Germany against France since the early 1920s. Prior to becoming head of government in Italy as leader of the Italian Fascist movement, Mussolini had advocated alliance with

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