Light Sutra is the protection of the state, and as such, Saraswati here also takes on some form of a warrior goddess, similar to Durga. Bernard Faure notes that Vach already had martial attributes, which may have been retained in some form.

Bencaitian/Benzaiten

"Saraswati" was borrowed into Chinese as "???" (Bencaitian) or "great eloquence deity" (???). This was then subsequently borrowed into Japanese as "???" (Benzaiten). In East Asian Buddhism, she is

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