BCE, but not psychic-energy chakra theories. Three classical Nadis are Ida, Pingala and Sushumna in which the central channel Sushumna is said to be foremost as per Ksurika-Upanishad.

According to David Gordon White, hierarchies of inner energy centers were introduced about 8th-century CE in Buddhist texts such as the Hevajra Tantra and Caryagiti. These are called by various terms such as cakka, padma (lotus) or pitha (mound). These medieval Buddhist texts