1.Previous
3.Next

text used the name "Imperii Sinici" (meaning "Chinese Empire") to refer to the Qing realm. George Macartney, the first envoy of Great Britain to China in 1793, had famously said "the Empire of China is an old, crazy, first-rate Man of War, which a fortunate succession of able and vigilant officers have contrived to keep afloat for these hundred and fifty years past..." shortly after his mission to China.

1.Previous
3.Next