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nomina. They recommended treatment in three subfamilies, Columbinae (typical doves and pigeons, quail-doves, and cuckoo-doves), Claravinae (American ground doves), and Raphinae (fruit doves, green pigeons, and relatives, all in the Old World and mostly tropical, including the dodo and solitaire). A 2025 paper on the molecular phylogenetic placement of the Cuban endemic blue-headed quail-dove from Oswald and colleagues found the species to be a sister group

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