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as attributed to insufficient estrogens. It may also occur with other hormonal contraceptives. Sometimes, breakthrough bleeding is classified as abnormal and thereby as a form of IMB.

In the context of hemophilia, the term describes a bleeding that occurs while a patient is on prophylaxis.

Presentation

The bleeding is usually light, often referred to as "spotting," though a few people may experience heavier bleeding.

It is estimated that

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