ruling class. This synthesis is personified in the figure of Gana Sira Bana, the last pre-imperial sovereign, whose reign represented the culmination of this Mande-Bainuk political structure before it was reorganized into the Kaabu Empire.

Ethnic Synthesis and the Bainuk Background

Historical and oral accounts characterize the pre-imperial population of the Casamance and Kaabu regions as a synthesis between early Mande migrants that moved in pre the Mali empire expansion and assimilated the indigenous forest-dwelling

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