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climber is 3 m above their protection when they fall--and the 'belayer' immediately locks the rope--they will drop 6 m until the locked rope holds them. This aspect makes lead climbing a more physically demanding activity than top roping, where the lead climber is immediately held by the top-rope if they fall. In contrast, when the second is climbing and is belayed by the lead climber from above, they are effectively top-roping and the rope will immediately hold them if they fall. This puts less onus on the

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