Alresford became established as a prosperous market town on the main road from Alton to Winchester south of the river. Commerce focussed on products from sheep and cattle such as wool and leather; and in the 14th century Alresford sheep markets were said to produce one of five highest turnovers in England.

Alresford sent two members to parliament until the population was reduced by the Black Death in 1348. In the 17th century the town made news as a dangerous place