the affricate , unknown to the Greek of that time, gave rise to different counterparts (i. e. ? or ? in Greek, ? in Etruscan).

In the Iliad and Odyssey, Homer uses several epithets to describe Odysseus, starting with the opening, where he is described as "the man of many devices" (in the 1919 Murray translation). The Greek word used is polytropos, literally the man of many turns, and other translators have suggested alternate English translations, including