: where n is the refractive index, L is the optical fibre length and c₀ is the speed of light in vacuum.

Uses

A high-performance OEO is a key element in a variety of applications, such as
* modern radar technology,
* aerospace engineering,
* satellite communication links,
* navigation systems,
* precise metrological time and frequency measurements,
* reference clock distribution, and
* high-bitrate, optically supported, communication wireless links, including radio over fiber

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