accept the orthodoxy of determinism since it meant that a person "could be punished for acts which God himself had commanded him to perform". Mu?tazila were then accused of the heresy of "dualism" because they gave human beings 'power' over their actions (free will), which made them the 'creator' of their works, and "thus encroached on the almighty power of God, for there would be two creators of actions".

In some respects, the problem of Hell is similar to the problem of evil,