among other higher educational institutions.

History

Prehistory

The area that would become Springfield was historically inhabited by indigenous people, with documented middle archaic period sites, a ceramic workshop site from the Woodland period in south Springfield, and the contact period Long Hill site, excavated in 1895.

At the time of European contact at settlement, the Springfield area was inhabited by the Agawam tribe, who sold land to English settlers.

Colonial period

Springfield was

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