clan, gender, tribal and ceremonial). The lakinyeri or clans of the Ngarrindjeri were each associated with one or two plant or animal totems, called ngaitji. Totems are sometimes attached to moiety relations (such as in the case of Wangarr relationships for the Yolngu).

Torres Strait Islanders have auguds, typically translated as totems. An augud could be a kai augud ("chief totem") or mugina augud ("little