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with low winding resistance and high inductance, these inrush currents can last for several seconds until the transient has died away (decay time proportional to X_L/R) and the regular AC equilibrium is established. To avoid magnetic inrush, only for transformers with an air gap in the core, the inductive load needs to be synchronously connected near a supply voltage peak, in contrast with the zero-voltage switching, which is desirable to minimize sharp-edged current transients with resistive loads such as high-power heaters. But for

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