hibernating inside its insulatory cocoon. Most Osmia species are found in places where the temperature drops below 0 C for long durations and they are well-adapted to cold winters; chilling seems to be a requirement for maturation. Some species of mason bees are semi-voltine, meaning that they have a two-year maturation cycle, with a full year (plus) spent as a larva.

Anatomy and morphology

Osmia share a basic anatomy with all bees and most insects; the main functional regions being the head,

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